手性醇的合成—— 通过不对称环氧化引入手性

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   烯烃的不对称环氧化中以环氧化为成功它是以钛酸酯参与的烯丙醇环氧化。它使用为 氧供体,四异丙氧基钛和酒石酸二乙酯为催化剂,可以大于 90%的光学纯度和 70%-90%的化学收率使各种烯丙基伯醇环氧化。以次引入手性经过选择性开环,可以得到多种光学醇。 

 通过不对称环氧化引入手性示例 

      A 500 ml, 1-neck round-bottom flask equipped with a Teflon-coated magnetic stirrer bar was oven dried and then fitted with a serum cap and flushed with nitrogen. The flask was charged with 200 ml of dry (distilled from CaH2) reagent- grade dichloromethane and cooled by stirring in a –23 ℃ bath( dry ice/ Tetrachloromethane). Then the following liquids were added sequentially via syringe while stirring in the cooling bath: 5.94 ml (5.68g, 20 mmol)of titanium tetraisopropoxide; 3.43 ml(4.12g, 20mmol) of L(+)-dithyl tartrate, stirred 5 min before next addition; 3.47 ml(3.08g, 20 mmol) of geraniol; and finally , ca. 11 ml of a dichloromethane solution (3.67M in TBHP) containing ca. 40 mmol (2 equiv) of anhydrous tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP).

     The resulting homogeneous solution was then stored overnight (ca. 18 hours) in the freezer at ca. -20℃ in the sealed reaction vessel . then the flask was placed in a –23 ℃ bath ( dry ice/ Tetrachloromethane) and 50 ml of 10% aqueous tartaric acid solution was added while stirring; the aqueous layer solidified. After 30 min, the cooling bath was removed and stirring was continued at room temperature for 1 hour or until the aqueous layer became clear. After separation of the aqueous layer, the organic layer was washed once with water, dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated to afford a colourless oil with an odour revealing contamination by TBHP.  

     This oil was diluted with 150 ml of ether  and the resulting solution was cooled in an ice bath, and then 60 ml of 1N sodium hydroxide solution was added. This produced a two-phase mixture which was stirred at 0℃ for 0.5 hour. The ether phase was washed with brine, dried over  sodium sulphate, and concentrated to give 4.24 g of a clear oil. Chromatography on silica gel afforded 2.6g (77%) of 2(S), 3(S)-epoxygeraniol,  [а]24D –6.36o (c 1.5, CHCl3) Analysis of this material as the MTPA ester gave an enantiomeric excess (ee) of >9595% whereas analysis of the derived epoxy acetate by using Eu(hfbc)3 chiral shift reagent gave 94% ee.   


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